B Pharmacy 8th Semester Advanced Instrumentation Techniques Notes

B.Pharmacy 8th Semester Advanced Instrumentation Techniques notes covering NMR, mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, calibration and validation as per ICH/USFDA, radioimmunoassay, extraction methods, and hyphenated techniques. Exam-oriented notes for clear concepts and university exam preparation.

Bachelor of Pharmacy
Semester		8th Semester		Subject		Advanced Instrumentation Techniques
Syllabus
Unit 1st	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy Principles of H-NMR and C-NMR, chemical shift, factors affecting chemical shift, coupling constant, Spin- spin coupling, relaxation, instrumentation and applications Mass Spectrometry: Principles, Fragmentation, Ionization techniques Electron impact, chemical ionization, MALDI, FAB, Analyzers-Time of flight and Quadrupole, instrumentation, applications
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Unit 2nd	Thermal Methods of Analysis: Principles, instrumentation and applications of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) X-Ray Diffraction Methods: Origin of X-rays, basic aspects of crystals, X ray Crystallography, rotating crystal technique, single crystal diffraction, powder diffraction, structural elucidation and applications
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Unit 3rd	Calibration and validation – as per ICH and USFDA guidelines Calibration of following Instruments Electronic balance, UV-Visible spectrophotometer, IR spectrophotometer, Fluorimeter, Flame Photometer, HPLC and GC
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Unit 4th	Radio immune assay: Importance, various components, Principle, different methods, Limitation and Applications of Radio immuno assay Extraction techniques: General principle and procedure involved in the solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction
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Unit 5th	Hyphenated techniques – LC-MS/MS, GC-MS/MS, HPTLC-MS
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Advanced Instrumentation Techniques in B.Pharmacy 8th semester focuses on modern analytical tools essential for pharmaceutical analysis and research. The subject covers principles, instrumentation, and applications of NMR (¹H & ¹³C), mass spectrometry, thermal analysis (TGA, DTA, DSC), and X-ray diffraction. It also includes calibration and validation of instruments as per ICH and USFDA guidelines, radioimmunoassay, extraction techniques, and advanced hyphenated methods like LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. These well-structured notes help students understand complex instrumentation concepts and prepare confidently for university examinations.

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