B.pharmacy Human Anatomy and Physiology-1 Notes

Get B.Pharm 1st Sem Human Anatomy and Physiology -I theory notes with unit-wise syllabus details. Best study material for pharmacy students and exam preparation. Units 1–5 Human Anatomy & Physiology notes for B.Pharm 1st semester covering cell, tissue, integumentary, skeletal, blood, nervous, and cardiovascular systems.

Bachelor of Pharmacy
Semester		1st Semester		Subject		Human Anatomy and Physiology-1
Syllabus
Unit 1st	 Introduction to human body Definition and scope of anatomy and physiology, levels of structural organization and body systems, basic life processes, homeostasis, basic anatomical terminology.  Cellular level of organization Structure and functions of cell, transport across cell membrane, cell division, cell junctions. General principles of cell communication, intracellular signaling pathway activation by extracellular signal molecule, Forms of intracellular signaling: a) Contact-dependent b) Paracrine c) Synaptic d) Endocrine  Tissue level of organization Classification of tissues, structure, location and functions of epithelial, muscular and nervous and connective tissues.
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Unit 2nd	Integumentary system Structure and functions of skin Skeletal system Divisions of skeletal system, types of bone, salient features and functions of bones of axial and appendicular skeletal system Organization of skeletal muscle, physiology of muscle contraction, neuromuscular junction Joints Structural and functional classification, types of joints movements and its articulation
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Unit 3rd	Body fluids and blood Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, hemopoeisis, formation of hemoglobin, anemia, mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors, transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood, Reticulo endothelial system. Lymphatic system Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph circulation and functions of lymphatic system
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Unit 4th	Peripheral nervous system: Classification of peripheral nervous system: Structure and functions of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Origin and functions of spinal and cranial nerves.  Special senses Structure and functions of eye, ear, nose and tongue and their disorders.
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Unit 5th	Cardiovascular system Heart– anatomyof heart, blood circulation, blood vessels, structure and functions of artery, vein and capillaries, elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat, its regulation by autonomic nervous system, cardiac output, cardiac cycle. Regulation of blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram and disorders of heart
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This unit provides a clear understanding of the structure and functions of the human body related to the given system. It explains the basic concepts, important components, and physiological processes essential for maintaining normal body functions. Emphasis is given to the organization, regulation, and coordination of body systems with clinical relevance. The content helps students build a strong foundation for understanding health, disease mechanisms, and further pharmaceutical studies.

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