B.Pharmacy Remedial Biology notes

B.Pharmacy Remedial Biology notes, units 1 to 5, provide easy-to-understand lectures on remedial biology.

Remedial Biology Overview

This section covers key concepts in remedial biology essential for B.Pharmacy students, including the foundational principles of biology necessary for understanding advanced pharmacological studies.

UNIT I

Living world:
 Definition and characters of living organisms
 Diversityin the living world
 Binomial nomenclature
 Five kingdoms of life and basis of classification. Salient features of Monera, Potista, Fungi, Animalia and Plantae, Virus,
Morphology of Flowering plants
 Morphologyof different parts of flowering plants– Root, stem, inflorescence, flower, leaf, fruit, seed.
 General Anatomyof Root, stem, leaf of monocotyledons & Dicotylidones.

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UNIT II

Body fluids and circulation
 Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood
 Composition and functions of lymph
 Humancirculatorysystem
 Structure of human heart and blood vessels
 Cardiac cycle, cardiac output and ECG
Digestion and Absorption
 Humanalimentarycanal and digestive glands
 Role of digestive enzymes
 Digestion, absorption and assimilation of digested food
Breathing and respiration
 Human respiratorysystem
 Mechanism of breathing and its regulation
 Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration
 Respiratoryvolumes

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UNIT III

Excretory products and their elimination
 Modes of excretion
 Humanexcretorysystem- structure and function
 Urine formation
 Rennin angiotensin system
Neural control and coordination
 Definition and classification of nervous system
 Structure of a neuron
 Generation and conduction of nerve impulse
 Structure of brain and spinal cord
 Functions of cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata
Chemical coordination and regulation
 Endocrine glands and their secretions
 Functions of hormones secreted byendocrine glands
Human reproduction
 Parts of female reproductive system
 Parts of male reproductive system
 Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
 Menstrual cycle

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UNIT IV

Plants and mineral nutrition:
 Essential mineral, macro and micronutrients
 Nitrogen metabolism, Nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation
Photosynthesis
 Autotrophic nutrition, photosynthesis, Photosynthetic pigments, Factors affecting photosynthesis.

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UNIT V

Plant respiration:Respiration, glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic).
Plant growth and development
 Phases and rate of plant growth, Condition of growth,Introduction to plant growth
regulators
Cell- The unit of life
 Structure and functions of cell and cell organelles.Cell division
Tissues
 Definition, types of tissues, location and functions

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