B.Pharm Unit 3 – Pharmaceutical Analysis covers Precipitation titrations, Complexometric titrations, Gravimetric analysis, and Diazotisation titrations, which are important quantitative analytical techniques used in pharmaceutical quality control and drug analysis.

Pharmaceutical Analysis Unit 3 Overview
| Bachelor of Pharmacy | |||||||
| Semester | 1st Semester | Subject | Pharmaceutical Analysis | ||||
| Syllabus | |||||||
| Unit 3rd | Precipitation titrations: Mohr’s method, Volhard’s, Modified Volhard’s, Fajans method, estimation of sodium chloride. Complexometric titration: Classification, metal ion indicators, masking and demasking reagents, estimation of Magnesium sulphate, and calcium gluconate. Gravimetry: Principle and steps involved in gravimetric analysis. Purity of the precipitate: co-precipitation and post precipitation, Estimation of barium sulphate. Basic Principles,methods and application of diazotisation titration | ||||||
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Precipitation Titrations
Precipitation titrations are based on the formation of an insoluble precipitate during the reaction between analyte and titrant.
Methods of Precipitation Titration
- Mohr’s Method: Uses potassium chromate as indicator
- Volhard’s Method: Back titration using thiocyanate
- Modified Volhard’s Method: Used in presence of precipitate
- Fajans Method: Uses adsorption indicators
Complexometric Titrations
Complexometric titrations are based on the formation of stable, soluble complexes between metal ions and chelating agents.
Classification
- Direct titration
- Back titration
- Replacement titration
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