D Pharmacy 1st Year Pharmacognosy Notes

D Pharmacy 1st Year Pharmacognosy Notes covering definition, history, classification of crude drugs, quality control, adulteration, and evaluation. Includes detailed study of alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, resins, medicinal plants, traditional systems of medicine, herbal formulations, nutraceuticals, herbal cosmetics, pharmaceutical aids, plant fibres, sutures, and phytochemical investigation for exam preparation.

Diploma in Pharmacy
D. Pharma		1st Year		Subject		Pharmacognosy
Syllabus
Chapter 1	Definition, history, present status and scope of Pharmacognosy
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Chapter 2	Classification of drugs: ● Alphabetical ● Taxonomical ● Morphological ● Pharmacological ● Chemical ● Chemo-taxonomical
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Chapter 3	Quality control of crude drugs: ● Different methods of adulteration of crude drugs ● Evaluation of crude drugs
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Chapter 4	Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical applications of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, volatile oils, tannins and resins.
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Chapter 5	Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of the following categories of crude drugs. Laxatives – Aloe, Castor oil, Ispaghula, Senna Cardiotonic – Digitalis, Arjuna Carminatives and G.I. regulators – Coriander, Fennel, Cardamom, Ginger, Clove, Black Pepper, Asafoetida, Nutmeg, Cinnamon Astringents – Myrobalan, Black Catechu, Pale Catechu Drugs acting on nervous system – Hyoscyamus, Belladonna, Ephedra, Opium, Tea leaves, Coffee seeds, Coca Anti-hypertensive – Rauwolfia Anti-tussive – Vasaka, Tolu Balsam Anti-rheumatics – Colchicum seed Anti-tumour – Vinca, Podophyllum Antidiabetics – Pterocarpus, Gymnema Diuretics – Gokhru, Punarnava Anti-dysenteric – Ipecacuanha Antiseptics and disinfectants – Benzoin, Myrrh, Neem, Turmeric Antimalarials – Cinchona, Artemisia Oxytocic – Ergot Vitamins – Cod liver oil, Shark liver oil Enzymes – Papaya, Diastase, Pancreatin, Yeast Pharmaceutical Aids – Kaolin, Lanolin, Beeswax, Acacia, Tragacanth, Sodium alginate, Agar, Guar gum, Gelatine Miscellaneous – Squill, Galls, Ashwagandha, Tulsi, Guggul
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Chapter 6	Plant fibres used as surgical dressings: Cotton, silk, wool and regenerated fibres Sutures – Surgical Catgut and Ligatures
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Chapter 7	● Basic principles involved in the traditional systems of medicine like: Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy ● Method of preparation of Ayurvedic formulations like: Arista, Asava, Gutika, Taila, Churna, Lehya and Bhasma
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Chapter 8	Role of medicinal and aromatic plants in national economy and their export potential
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Chapter 9	Herbs as health food: Brief introduction and therapeutic applications of: Nutraceuticals, Antioxidants, Pro-biotics, Pre-biotics, Dietary fibres, Omega-3-fatty acids, Spirulina, Carotenoids, Soya and Garlic
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Chapter 10	Introduction to herbal formulations
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Chapter 11	Herbal cosmetics: Sources, chemical constituents, commercial preparations, therapeutic and cosmetic uses of: Aloe vera gel, Almond oil, Lavender oil, Olive oil, Rosemary oil, Sandal Wood oil
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Chapter 12	Phytochemical investigation of drugs
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D Pharmacy 1st Year Pharmacognosy covers the study of crude drugs from natural sources with focus on classification, identification, quality control, and adulteration. The syllabus includes alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, volatile oils, tannins, and resins along with detailed study of important medicinal plants and their therapeutic uses. It also explains traditional systems of medicine, herbal formulations, nutraceuticals, pharmaceutical aids, plant fibres, herbal cosmetics, and phytochemical investigations. This subject builds a strong foundation in natural drug science for pharmacy students and exam preparation.

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